Description
Arctostaphylos – Comarostaphylis – Bearberry – Manzanita
There are around 50 species of prostrate or upright shrubs or small trees that are all evergreen except for one species, in this genus. They occur mainly from Western North America, mainly in California, or Mexico. Native to a range of habitats like moist or dry areas from coastal scrub to mountain slopes, pine forest, and high boggy land. Mostly have very ornamental bark, purple, red, or orange that’s peels in thin shreds or flakes. From woody stems they carry alternate, simple un-toothed or un-lobed or toothed leathery leaves. They bear small terminal panicles or racemes of tiny, white or pink, bell or urn shaped flowers 1/8-1/4” long followed by spherical fruits ¼-1/2” wide.
Fruits of some species have been used for juicing and also to make flour. Their tough plants that can survive brush fires. Arctostaphylos uva-usi leaves are used for tanning, and in Russia as a tea, in the U.K. it has been used as a urinary antiseptic since the thirteenth century. Some are good as groundcovers, in rock gardens, or in open areas of a woodland garden.
When grown indoors grow in acidic, lime free potting mix in full light. During growing season water freely and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly, and more sparingly in winter.
When grown outdoors grow in moist but well drained moderately fertile, acidic soil in full sun or partial shade. Shelter less hardy species from the wind.
Prone to Exobasidium bud, leaf galls, and variety of other fungal diseases on leaves, stems, and fruit.
Arctostaphylos hookeri subsp. Francisana – Monterey Manzanita – This species is found in San Francisco, California, peninsula and is a mat like shrub growing to 18” tall and 3’ feet wide. It has smooth dark, reddish brown bark that’s covered in a downy of hairs It produces small shiny elliptic light green leaves that tapers to a narrow point, is 1” long. It bears clusters of waxy pinkish white flowers followed by small pale red fruits. It’s well suited where it can spill over rocks or retaining wall.
Zones 8-10
